Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41884860›Full record

ArticleAdvances in medical education and practice2026

Implementation and Impact of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in Health Professions Education: A Global Bibliometric Analysis.

Yikai Zhang, Weiwei Liang, Yue Hu, Bo Sun, Siying Ding, Jing Xue, Chao Zheng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in medical education and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yikai Zhang *Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Weiwei Liang *Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Yue HuKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Bo SunDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Siying DingDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Jing XueDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Chao ZhengDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-2779-0255

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have emerged as a key framework in health professions education, facilitating the development and assessment of competencies in healthcare professionals. Despite the rapid expansion of EPA-related research, the global distribution, thematic trends, and scholarly equity surrounding these studies remain underexplored. The existing literature, while growing, lacks a systematic and quantitative examination of the geographical and institutional origins of EPA research. Methods: This bibliometric study analyzes a dataset of 966 publications sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from 2005 to 2025. The analysis includes an examination of publication trends, collaborative networks, and thematic shifts over the two-decade period. Results: The findings reveal a dominance of EPA research originating from North America and Europe, with significantly less representation from the Global South. Over time, there has been a shift in research focus from the development of EPA frameworks to the study of their implementation in clinical education settings. Collaboration patterns suggest a concentration of research activity within a few high-resource regions, with limited cross-regional partnerships. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the global landscape of EPA research, uncovering knowledge disparities and underrepresented regions. It highlights the need for more inclusive and equitable contributions from the Global South and suggests that future research efforts should prioritize collaborative, international approaches to enhance the diversity and applicability of EPA scholarship.

Indexed as

bibliometric analysisclinical competenciescompetency-based health professions educationentrustable professional activitiesEPAs

Identifiers

PMID41884860
PMCPMC13012167

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.