ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Soluble cytokines and chemokines in NSCLC: drivers of immune evasion and angiogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research trends in cytokine regulation of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a bibliometric and BERTopic analysis from 2015 to 2025.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Circulating cytokines as potential dynamic biomarkers of PD-1 blockade response and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a dynamic network of soluble cytokines and chemokines that orchestrate immune evasion, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate metastatic dissemination. Among these, interleukins such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, along with chemokine axes including CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL21-CCR7, are critical drivers of tumor progression and resistance to immunotherapy. These mediators modulate immune cell recruitment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and vascular remodeling, thereby shaping tumor behavior and therapeutic response. In parallel, angiogenic factors such as VEGF, bFGF, and MMPs promote neovascularization and extracellular matrix degradation, reinforcing metastatic potential. Notably, cytokine signatures in peripheral blood are emerging as prognostic biomarkers and predictive indicators for immune checkpoint blockade efficacy, particularly PD-1 inhibitors. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of soluble mediator-driven mechanisms in NSCLC progression, including cytokines and chemokines, providing new opportunities for biomarker-guided precision therapy and combination strategies in NSCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.