SynthesisFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Carbapenem-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Metagenomic landscape of peripancreatic necrotic pus in acute pancreatitis: pathogen ecology, resistance gene profiles, and disease-associated microbial patterns.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Healthcare-associated infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are a global public health threat with rising hospital morbidity and mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically identify CRKP infection risk factors. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published January 1991-December 2024. Pooled odds ratio (OR)/95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess risk factors; publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots and Egger's test, and robustness via leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results: Fifty-one studies (13,860 patients: 4,711 CRKP cases, 9,149 carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae controls) were included, with 43 reported risk factors. Thirty-one were significant: demographic/underlying diseases [male sex (OR = 1.31), kidney diseases (OR = 1.47), respiratory system diseases (OR = 2.69), cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.34)]; invasive procedures [endoscopy (OR = 4.08), tracheal cannula (OR = 3.72), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.61)]; medical environment [ICU admission (OR = 4.27), pre-infection hospital stay (mean difference=14.98 days)]; antibiotics [tigecycline (OR = 5.97), carbapenems (OR = 4.79), which may reflect disease severity, prior colonization]. Subgroup analysis showed regional heterogeneity: Western populations had higher risks with cephalosporins (OR = 2.68 vs. Eastern 1.55) and fluoroquinolones (OR = 3.58 vs. Eastern 1.89), while Eastern populations had higher risks with invasive procedures (dialysis: OR = 4.47 vs. Western 2.03). Sensitivity analysis confirmed robust results. Conclusions: This meta-analysis reports endoscopy and surgical drainage as distinct subtypes of invasive procedural factors associated with hospital-acquired CRKP infection and describes regional differences in associated factors between Eastern and Western populations. These findings, based on observational evidence, provide preliminary insights for targeted prevention strategies. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024628428.
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