Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2026
Comparative Effectiveness of Single-Dose Epidural Esketamine versus Hydromorphone in Thoracic and Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single epidural dose of esketamine versus hydromorphone in patients undergoing abdominal and thoracic surgeries. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing elective abdominal and thoracic surgery were randomly assigned to receive either a single epidural injection of 15 mg esketamine (Group E) or 0.5 mg hydromorphone (Group H) at the end of surgery. All patients received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia postoperatively. The primary outcome was hydromorphone consumption within 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included time to first rescue analgesia, hydromorphone consumption within 0-24, 24-48, and 48-72 hours, numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores, postoperative recovery scores, and complications. Results: In total, 205 patients were enrolled, with 186 randomly assigned to either group E (n = 93) or group H (n = 93). Hydromorphone consumption within 48 hours postoperatively was significantly higher in group E than in group H. The time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in group H compared to group E. Within the first 24 hours postoperatively, patients in group E required more hydromorphone than those in group H. No significant difference in hydromorphone consumption between the two groups at 24-48 and 48-72 hours postoperatively. The NRS scores during movement were significantly higher in group E than in group H at 3 and 6 hours postoperatively. Conclusion: Single-dose epidural esketamine for postoperative analgesia resulted in higher hydromorphone consumption and a shorter time to first rescue analgesia compared to hydromorphone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.