ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Embryonic thermal manipulation enhances splenic immunity and regulates inflammatory responses to
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Escherichia coli ( Methods: A total of 740 Ross broiler eggs were assigned to either a control incubation (37.8 °C, 56% RH) or TM (39 °C and 65% RH for 18 h daily, on embryonic days 10-18). After hatching, chicks were subdivided into saline- or Results: TM significantly modulated post-challenge immune responses, including downregulation of iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB, TLR-2, and TLR-4, and upregulation of TGF-β. Notably, TM was associated with a stronger and more sustained circulating IgA response after infection. Additionally, TM lowered serum AGP levels under the Discussion: These findings show that embryonic TM boosts both splenic and systemic immune regulation while reducing excessive inflammatory responses to bacterial challenges in broilers.
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