Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41884283›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

Boosting Radioimmunotherapy by Functionalized Self-Assembled EGCG Nanoparticles Enhances Antitumor Effect for FLASH-RT.

Ruiling Xu, Xiaowen Han, Yunfei Sun, Chaofan Ma, Shuqing Liao, Liu Yang, Ruo Tang, Zhiyan Zou, Xueting Zheng, Huiwen Luo and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ruiling XuNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Xiaowen HanNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Yunfei SunNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Chaofan MaNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Shuqing LiaoNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Liu YangNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Ruo TangNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Zhiyan ZouNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Xueting ZhengNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Huiwen LuoNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
Yang GaoInstitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, People's Republic of China.
Xiaozhong HeNational Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoan LiNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0006-8293-8845

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: With the ability to achieve ideal efficacy while significantly reducing radiation damage to normal tissues, ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is considered one of the most innovative technologies for cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine. However, compared with conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT), FLASH-RT has not demonstrated superior efficacy in treating tumors. Methods: We found that the tea polyphenol EGCG could observably promote FLASH-RT X-ray-induced ROS production and DNA damage compared to CONV-RT. A radiosensitizer was further designed by functionalized self-assembled EGCG nanoparticles (named BENPs), aiming to strengthen the anti-tumor effect of FLASH-RT. In vitro experiments such as CCK-8 assay and DNA damage experiment were carried to verify the sensitising effect of BENPs to 4T1 cells. It was further validated in vivo and the molecular mechanism was analyzed using immunofluorescence staining. Biosafety was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and blood routine experiments. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the in vivo immune status of mice triggered by BENPs synergized with FLASH-RT. RNA sequencing assay was employed to estimate the immune response in the spleen of mice. Results: This combined strategy markedly induced apoptosis and necrosis in tumor cells, which availably inhibited the malignant progression of tumors with good biosafety. More than that, BENPs-assisted FLASH-RT facilitated dendritic cell maturation and increased CD8 Conclusion: Our study suggests that the potential application of BENPs as a sensitizer for FLASH-RT that brings new inspiration for the future clinical application of FLASH-RT therapy.

Indexed as

CatechinNanoparticlesRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsAnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorDNA DamageFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CReactive Oxygen SpeciesCatechinepigallocatechin gallateRadiation-Sensitizing AgentsReactive Oxygen Speciesimmune responsenanoparticlesradiosensitizertea polyphenolultra-high dose rate radiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41884283
PMCPMC13012637

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.