ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Comparison of microwave ablation versus lauromacrogol injection ablation for 50-75% cystic thyroid nodules: a two-center retrospective study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficacy between microwave ablation (MWA) and lauromacrogol injection ablation (LIA) for treating 50-75% cystic thyroid nodules and systematically identify the factors influencing outcomes. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 106 patients with predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (PCTNs) with 50-75% proportion of cystic components (simple as 50-75% cystic thyroid nodules) who underwent ultrasound-guided MWA (n=51) or LIA (n=55) in two hospitals between April 2017 and November 2023. The primary endpoint was 12-month volume reduction rate (VRR). ANCOVA was used to compare adjusted 12-month VRR between groups after adjusting for confounders. Secondary endpoints included effective treatment rate (VRR >50% at 6 or 12 months), recurrence, and stratified analysis analyses by initial nodule volume (>10 ml and ≤10 ml) and vascularity (Grades 0-1 and 2-3). Regrowth-free survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and compared with the Log-rank test. Results: At 12 months postoperatively, the mean VRR for MWA was 91.5 ± 9.8% and 81.1 ± 2.4% for LIA (F = 4.40, P = 0.005). MWA yielded higher VRR than LIA at 6 and 12 months across both low- and high-vascularity subgroups (P<0.05). For nodules >10 ml, MWA produced significantly greater VRR at 3, 6 and 12 months (P<0.05); no significant difference was observed for nodules ≤10 ml (P>0.05). The 12-month effective treatment rate was 96.1% (49/51) after MWA versus 81.8% (46/55) after LIA (P = 0.018). Regrowth rates were 3.9% (2/51) for MWA and 20.0% (11/55) for LIA (P = 0.006). The KM analysis showed significantly longer regrowth-free survival following MWA (Log-rank P = 0.010). Conclusion: Both MWA and LIA exhibit favorable efficacy in the treatment of 50-75% cystic thyroid nodules. Importantly, based on the approximately 12-month follow-up, MWA demonstrates superior efficacy and improved control of regrowth compared to LIA. This advantage of MWA is further amplified in the management of larger nodules.
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