ArticlePediatric health, medicine and therapeutics2026
Association Between Oseltamivir Timing and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Children with Influenza: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Influenza is one of the most common viruses causing an acute course illness, mainly targeting the respiratory system. It is a communicable disease that spreads easily between individuals and is usually self-limiting in most cases. However, complications of influenza are numerous, including secondary bacterial infections, exacerbation of underlying respiratory conditions, and central nervous system-related complications. The risk of influenza-related hospitalization and complications is increased in children younger than 5 years and in those with underlying chronic diseases. Three classes of antiviral therapy are used in the treatment of influenza: neuraminidase inhibitors, adamantanes, and inhibitors of influenza cap-dependent endonuclease. Oseltamivir is considered the mainstay therapy for influenza treatment. Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of early oseltamivir treatment compared to late treatment in improving recovery by reducing hospital length of stay and preventing influenza-related complications such as pneumonia, otitis media, and asthma exacerbations. Methodology: This retrospective study analyzed data from 280 pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 and April 2023. Included patients were aged 1 month to 14 years, had laboratory-confirmed influenza A or B by polymerase chain reaction or point-of-care rapid testing, and received oseltamivir during hospitalization. Early oseltamivir treatment was defined as initiation within 48 hours of symptom onset, whereas initiation after 48 hours was considered late. Results: The study included 151 (53.9%) males and 129 (46.1%) females. Children who received early oseltamivir treatment had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay of approximately one day (∼16-19 hours) compared to those who started treatment after 48 hours [mean ± SD: 3.28 ± 1.46 vs 3.95 ± 2.26 days; Conclusion: Early initiation of oseltamivir within 48 hours is effective in reducing hospital length of stay and preventing common influenza-related complications.
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