ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026
Sleep duration, depression, and cognitive function among older adults in China: A longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore interactions between depression and sleep duration and their impact on long-term cognitive trajectories. Methods: This longitudinal study (2011-2020) analyzed depressive symptoms and sleep duration in relation to 10-year cognitive trajectories in 7649 Chinese adults aged 45-80 years. Exposures included sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Cognitive function was the primary outcome, standardized using regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education. Standardized Results: Three distinct cognitive trajectories were identified: persistently high, moderately stable, and persistently low. Compared with the "non-depression-optimal sleep" group, all other sleep-depression groups showed significantly reduced associations, with "depression-long sleep" exhibiting the highest risk of low cognition. Within the persistent moderate group, all combinations except "non-depression-short sleep" showed significant negative associations, with "depression-long sleep" exhibiting the greatest risk. Sleep duration had a U-shaped relationship with cognitive scores, whereas depressive symptoms were negatively associated. Optimal cognitive maintenance occurred among participants with no depression and a 6-8 h sleep duration. Conclusions: Promoting regular, healthy sleep and reducing depression risk may help preserve cognitive function in old age.
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