ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
HIV-1 drug resistance among HIV/HCV co-infected patients with treatment failure in Yunnan, southwestern China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Yunnan Province remains a region with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China. Due to shared transmission routes, HIV/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is common. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance among HIV/HCV co-infected patients specifically following the virological failure of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Yunnan, and to compare these characteristics with HIV-1 mono-infected patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 HIV/HCV co-infected and 120 HIV-1 mono-infected patients who experienced virological failure (HIV-RNA\geq 1,000 copies/mL) after at least 6 months of ART. Genotypic drug resistance was tested using an in-house method and analyzed via the Stanford HIV drug resistance database. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analysis were performed to adjust for confounders. Results: Among patients with treatment failure, the drug resistance rate in the HIV/HCV co-infection group (37.5%) was significantly lower than in the HIV-1 mono-infection group (55.0%, Conclusion: Among patients experiencing virological failure, HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with distinct genotypic resistance profiles, particularly in the early stages of treatment failure and among immunodeficient individuals. These findings suggest that co-infection status may influence the pathway to HIV drug resistance. Clinicians should prioritize prompt genotype resistance testing for co-infected patients failing ART to optimize second-line regimen adjustments.
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