ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Deceleration and rebound of hemagglutinin divergence in influenza B/Victoria across COVID-19 NPI phases (2016-2024).
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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7 authors.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped global viral transmission and created a natural experiment to test how non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) influence the evolution of co-circulating pathogens. We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of the influenza B/Victoria lineage across China, the United States, and Australia-three countries that implemented distinct COVID-19 policy strategies. Using hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP) sequences from GISAID (2016-2024), we performed temporal phylogenetic analyses and estimated rate of genetic distance change. Although the duration and strictness of NPIs varied among the three countries, our analysis revealed a transnational common pattern: the evolution of HA showed a marked slowdown during the NPI period. During the post-relaxation period, the population genetic distance of HA in the three countries showed a highly significant increase compared to the pre-pandemic period (comparison between post-relaxation vs. pre-pandemic period,
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