Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41883679›Full record

ReviewBioinformatics and biology insights2026

Recent Progress in Sequence Optimization of mRNA Vaccine: Biological Mechanism, Quantitative Metrics, and Computational Model.

Yunwei Wang, Yuheng Cai, Zhixing Wu, Jingming Zhang, Lance Turtle, Jia Meng

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bioinformatics and biology insights, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yunwei WangDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Center for Intelligent RNA Therapeutics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4779-4391
Yuheng CaiDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Center for Intelligent RNA Therapeutics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
Zhixing WuDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Center for Intelligent RNA Therapeutics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
Jingming ZhangThemedium Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China.
Lance TurtleInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK.
Jia MengDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Center for Intelligent RNA Therapeutics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3455-205X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As a groundbreaking advancement in vaccinology, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have transformed the field by offering rapid, flexible, and scalable solutions for combating infectious diseases. However, the efficacy, stability, and immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines are highly dependent on the optimization of their sequences. Recent progress in synthetic biology and computational methods has enabled the optimization of mRNA sequences to enhance their properties, holding the promise to provide deeper insights into the design principles of effective mRNA vaccines. However, it remains a major challenge to determine how to best optimize mRNA sequences for diverse biological contexts and therapeutic applications. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the current advancements in optimizing mRNA vaccine sequences, put forward a comprehensive overview of the latest computational and biological approaches in this field, with a particular focus on the biological mechanisms underlying mRNA translation efficiency and stability, highlighting several quantitative indicators that may affect vaccines' performance, and summarize some methods to optimize mRNA vaccine by algorithms. We also propose the limitations of current models and the need for further research to address the complexity of biological systems.

Indexed as

5′ UTRdeep learningmean ribosome loadmRNA vaccinesequence optimization

Identifiers

PMID41883679
PMCPMC13009642

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.