ArticleTherapeutic advances in hematology2026
Direct and indirect medical costs associated with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia in Brazil, Thailand, and India.
Article in Therapeutic advances in hematology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The economic burden of blood transfusions (BTs) in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) is not well characterized in adults from Brazil, Thailand, and India. Objective: To assess direct and indirect costs of BTs in adults with TDT in three geographically distinct countries: Brazil, Thailand, and India. Design: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) and administrative personnel completed a cross-sectional survey to assess transfusion-associated direct costs and indirect costs among patients with TDT. Methods: Direct (blood collection, BTs, iron chelation therapy (ICT), transfusion-related adverse events (AEs)), and indirect costs (blood supply shortages, waiting time, patient, and caregiver time) per patient per year (PPPY) were calculated from survey data, and publicly available cost data. Results: Between February 2, 2024, and March 12, 2024, 54, 104, and 125 participants in Brazil, Thailand, and India, respectively, were included, mostly hematologists or pharmacists. Median number of BTs PPPY was 12 (Brazil), 6 (Thailand), and 20 (India). Physicians and nurses conducted pretransfusion monitoring, whereas nurses monitored during BTs and posttransfusion appointments. AEs were estimated in 15% (Brazil), 5% (Thailand), and 10% (India) of BTs. In the past 12 months, 72%, 50%, and 54% of participants experienced blood supply shortages in Brazil, Thailand, and India, respectively; 40%, 25%, and 70% of patients experienced iron overload due to BTs, and 30%, 20%, and 70% of patients received ICT due to BTs. Total direct costs PPPY (USD) were 4438 in Brazil, 1775 in Thailand, and 1991 in India; total indirect costs PPPY (USD) were 831 in Brazil, 392 in Thailand, and 715 in India. Conclusion: Results showed a significant burden of BTs in TDT on HCPs, patients, and caregivers, along with shortages and delays in blood supplies. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing supportive care for BTs and exploring alternative approaches to alleviate this burden.
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