ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Genetic architecture of seed protein composition in grain amaranth (
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Grain amaranth ( Methods: To dissect this complex trait, we conducted a multi-environment genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a diversity panel of 192 accessions for albumin, globulin, glutelin, prolamin, and total protein content. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all fractions, with high broad-sense heritability (H Results: Crucially, filtering for cross-environmental stability revealed 17 robust MTAs for total protein (6), albumin (5), glutelin (5), and globulin (1), while prolamin content was governed by environment-specific loci. Strikingly, candidate gene analysis of these stable loci revealed that natural variation is predominantly controlled by trans-regulatory mechanisms rather than by cis-variation in the storage structural genes themselves. Key regulatory hubs were identified, implicating the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathway in glutelin accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding capacity in limiting globulin content. Discussion: This work establishes the first comprehensive genomic framework for seed protein composition in amaranth, providing environmentally stable markers and validated biological pathways to accelerate the development of nutritionally enhanced cultivars through marker-assisted selection.
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