ArticlePathology international2026
Spread Through Air Spaces in Colorectal Lung Metastases Signals Local Recurrenece and Reflects Morphologic Aggressiveness of the Primary Tumor.
Article in Pathology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploratory analysis of spread through air spaces and staple-line recurrence after wedge resection for colorectal lung metastases.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Spread Through Air Spaces in Colorectal Lung Metastases Signals Local Recurrenece and Reflects Morphologic Aggressiveness of the Primary Tumor.Pathology international · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) is a histological feature associated with poor prognosis in primary lung cancer, but its relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) pulmonary metastases remains unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of STAS in CRC pulmonary metastases and its association with histologic features of the primary tumor. A total of 124 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for CRC metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative STAS parameters, including density and maximum spread distance, were assessed histologically. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, and logistic regression identified predictors of STAS. STAS was present in 33.1% of patients and was associated with significantly shorter 5-year recurrence-free survival (18.7% vs. 53.0%, p = 0.002) and overall survival (p = 0.001). Quantitative STAS metrics correlated with intrathoracic recurrence. Patients with high tumor budding grade had a significantly higher STAS-positive rate than those with none or low grade (60% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.036). Tumor budding independently predicted STAS (odds ratio: 3.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-9.69, p = 0.040). STAS independently predicted poor prognosis, particularly intrathoracic recurrence. Quantitative STAS assessment enhanced prognostic precision, and tumor budding grade may serve as a preoperative marker for predicting STAS.
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Registered trials
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