Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41882795›Full record

ReviewPerioperative medicine (London, England)2026

Perioperative virtual reality and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a scoping review.

Han Li, Michelle Liu, Pareena Sharma, Richa Vijayvargiya, John W Merriman, Nila Radhakrishnan, Juan N Kattan, Kiran Lukose, Naveen Baskaran

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Perioperative medicine (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Han LiUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Michelle LiuUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Pareena SharmaMedical College of Georgia of Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Richa VijayvargiyaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
John W MerrimanDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100238, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Nila RadhakrishnanDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100238, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Juan N KattanDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100238, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Kiran LukoseDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100238, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Naveen BaskaranDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100238, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. naveen.baskaran@medicine.ufl.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSurgical procedures in older populations carry significant risks, including increased perioperative complications such as anxiety and delirium, which adversely affect outcomes and patient satisfaction. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and methods of virtual reality (VR) interventions in reducing perioperative anxiety and delirium in a scoping review.

methodsSearches were performed in Embase and PubMed from 2020 to 2025 for studies involving VR in adult surgical patients, focusing on anxiety, pain, and delirium outcomes.

resultsTwenty-three studies encompassing 2,227 patients were included, predominantly randomized controlled trials from various countries. No study directly evaluated VR's effect on delirium, but several showed VR's potential in reducing perioperative anxiety and pain, with mixed efficacy results. VR interventions varied in content, technological sophistication, frequency, and duration. Quality assessment indicated limitations due to unblinded designs.

conclusionsVR shows promise in reducing perioperative anxiety, with potential implications for delirium prevention. However, the effectiveness varies, and further research is needed to refine VR interventions and explore their role in preventing delirium.

Indexed as

AnxietyDeliriumImmersion therapyPainPerioperativeSurgeryVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41882795
PMCPMC13137545

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.