Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41882748›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

A novel CLDN6 nanobody-based bispecific T-cell engager delivered by self-amplifying RNA platform exhibits potent antitumor efficacy.

Zhixiong Zhu, Jia Li, Qizhong Lu, Wanqin Zeng, Zhengyu Yu, Nanxi Liu, Zongliang Zhang, Zeng Wang, Nian Yang, Yongdong Chen and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zhixiong Zhu *State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Jia Li *State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Qizhong Lu *State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Wanqin ZengState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Zhengyu YuDepartment of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Nanxi LiuState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Zongliang ZhangState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Zeng WangState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Nian YangState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Yongdong ChenState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Huaqing LuState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Long XuState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Chunlai NieState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. niecl1022@scu.edu.cn.
Hexian LiState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. harmony4067@163.com.
Aiping TongState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. aipingtong@scu.edu.cn.

Funding

Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Science and Technology Development 2023ZYDF070 and 2023ZYDF097National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3403303National Natural Science Foundation of China 32471551National Natural Science Foundation of China 82500302Postdoctor Research Fund of West China Hospital, Sichuan University 2024HXBH097Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2025ZNSFSC1693Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2025ZNSFSC1695the Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation 2025ZH032the Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation TFJC2023010006the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF GZC20241136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ovarian cancer remains a highly lethal gynecologic malignancy with limited early detection and frequent relapse. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), minimally expressed in normal tissues but frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer, represents a promising tumor-specific target. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) effectively redirect cytotoxic T cells toward tumor cells. However, previous studies have reported that protein-based BiTEs, particularly scFv-based constructs, may encounter challenges related to protein folding, aggregation, and in vivo stability. To address these limitations, CLDN6-nanobodies were developed through our screening platform, which display cross-species reactivity to human, murine and non-human primate CLDN6. Using this binder, we constructed CLDN6 nanobody-based BiTE (CLDN6-Nb-BiTE) encoded by self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) and delivered by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), providing a functional alternative to protein administration. The LNP-sa-mRNA formulation was stable and uniform, enabling robust CLDN6-Nb-BiTE expression, antigen-dependent cytotoxicity, and cytokine release in vitro, while sustained CLDN6-Nb-BiTE production in vivo promoted T-cell recruitment and durable tumor control without systemic toxicity. Overall, our work introduces the first CLDN6-Nb-BiTE delivered by sa-mRNA, establishing a foundation for next-generation ovarian cancer immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Antibodies, BispecificAntineoplastic AgentsClaudinsOvarian NeoplasmsSingle-Domain AntibodiesT-LymphocytesAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceNanoparticlesRNA, MessengerT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicAntibodies, BispecificAntineoplastic Agentsclaudin 6ClaudinsRNA, MessengerSingle-Domain AntibodiesClaudin-6NanobodyOvarian CancerSelf-amplifying RNAT Cell Engager

Identifiers

PMID41882748
PMCPMC13141281

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.