ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Molecular characterization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes for optimizing nitrogen-use efficiency and enhancing crop resilience against drought stress in rice.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Integrative analysis ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins play a vital role as antioxidant enzymes, essential in mediating plant responses to drought and salinity stress. The SOD gene family has been identified across numerous plant species; however, updated genome assemblies can revise gene models and reveal overlooked members, creating a need to evaluate SOD repertoires in rice. The current study explored the whole rice genome having 11 OsSOD genes that were phylogenetically classified as, 3 FeSODs, 3 MnSODs, and 5 Cu/ZnSODs, distributed across eight of the twelve chromosomes. Among these, the same subgroup exhibits identical subcellular localization. The phylogenetic investigation was additionally validated through the analysis of sequence motifs, exon-intron structure, and three-dimensional protein structures. Each grouping displayed a similar gene and protein structure. Promoter analysis identified cis-regulatory elements associated with drought-responsive signaling, suggesting transcriptional regulation under water-deficit conditions. Furthermore, the RNA-seq data analysis demonstrated that higher OsSOD expression in roots than shoots tissues. This was further confirmed via qRT-PCR revealing that OsMn-SOD2, OsFe-SOD3, OsCu/Zn-SOD1, OsCu/Zn-SOD4, and OsCu/Zn-SOD5 had a higher expression in roots than shoot under drought and nitrogen (N) stresses. These patterns were further supported through antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites analysis. Collectively, our results provide a foundation for further understanding the involvement of OsSOD genes which may be associated with mitigating the N stress by potentially influencing N-related pathways involved in the nitrate uptake, assimilation, and N-partitioning within the rice plants. These OsSOD candidates provide targets for functional validation and for breeding/biotechnological improvement of drought resilience and nitrogen-use efficiency in rice.
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