SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2026
Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in various regions of the Russian Federation.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as significant pathogens causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases worldwide, including Russia. Despite a rising incidence, comprehensive data on the geographic distribution and species diversity of NTM across Russia remain limited. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and NTM species diversity in various Russian regions, highlighting regional variability and diagnostic challenges.
methodsA systematic review and analysis of published data and regional studies on NTM detection in different regions of Russia from 2010 to 2024 were conducted. Identification methods included GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS assays, PCR, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and whole-genome sequencing. Data from multiple regions, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, the Siberian Federal District and others, were analyzed to assess species diversity and epidemiological patterns.
resultsThe species spectrum of NTM in Russia is broad and heterogeneous. M. avium is the predominant species with an average frequency of 30-40%. A secondary group, including M. gordonae (13-25%) and M. intracellulare (12-20%), demonstrates significant prevalence. The remaining species, such as M. fortuitum, M. lentiflavum, M. kansasii, and M. abscessus, exhibit lower but notable frequencies ranging from 3% to 20%. Other species such as M. malmoense, M. xenopi, M. simiae etc. were less common, with frequencies below 5%. Regional differences in species prevalence were pronounced, with M. avium-intracellulare complex dominating in many areas reaching more than 50% of all NTM, while species like M. lentiflavum were more common in specific regions such as the Republic of Komi (44% of all NTM in the region). The COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023) impacted epidemiological surveillance but did not substantially alter species diversity. Advanced molecular techniques, including whole-genome sequencing, revealed subspecies-level diversity, notably among M. avium and M. abscessus complexes.
conclusionsThis study underscores the significant geographic variability and species diversity of NTM in the Russian Federation. The detection rates and species spectrum depend on the diagnostic methods employed, highlighting the need for standardized, advanced molecular diagnostics. Continued surveillance and molecular characterization are crucial for improving diagnosis, guiding therapy, and understanding the epidemiology of NTM infections in Russia.
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