ArticleScientific reports2026
Leveraging butterfly meta material structures in a symmetric stub-loaded microstrip MIMO antenna for advanced biomedical and security applications.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The growing utilization of terahertz (THz) technology, particularly in biomedical fields, has heightened the need for multiband, high-gain THz antennas. To address this, a novel symmetric stub-loaded shaped microstrip antenna has been proposed with the integration of metamaterial, delivering enhanced gain performance, smooth operational characteristics, and support for multiple frequency bands. The silicon layer is used as a substrate layer for the proposed design with a dielectric constant value of 11.7 and the loss tangent value of 0.046 − 0.034 in addition to this the thickness of 100 μm and a permittivity value of 2.25.The proposed antenna has a dimension of 38 × 38 × 100 μm³ in its maximum configuration, which can be made by using parametric analysis and operating across 3.8 and 6.4 THz, which exhibit the return loss value of below 10 dB, having a bandwidth of 0.4 THz and 1 THz, respectively. The proposed antenna having simulated gain value of 9.2dBi and 8.9dBi across the resonating frequency. The results highlight the suggested antenna’s potential for security screening and adaptable biological THz applications. In addition to this, the design successively achieves isolation of -43 dB and − 37 dB across the operating frequency. On top of it, the proposed MIMO antenna has a mean effective gain value of 9.5 and 9.2 dB, a CCL (channel capacity loss) value of 0.01 and 0.018 (bps/Hz/s), and a DG (diversity gain) value of 9.2 and 9.5 dB across the operating frequency (3.8 and 6.4 THz).
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