Real-world safety assessment of avacopan in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

objectivePostmarketing safety data of avacopan, the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug in a decade for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), are currently limited. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive real-world evaluation of its adverse events (AEs).

methodsThe FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was comprehensively reviewed and analysed. Disproportionality analysis was conducted to evaluate the significance of avacopan-related AEs at both system organ class (SOC) and preferred terms (PTs) levels. Time-to-onset (TTO), Weibull shape parameter (WSP) analysis and cumulative incidence analyses were performed to explore the temporal patterns of AE occurrence. Additionally, subgroup analyses based on gender and age were undertaken.

resultsA total of 3150 reports of avacopan-related AEs were identified. 8 positive SOC signals and 92 positive PT signals were detected, including 34 previously unrecognised PTs. None was classified as a high clinical priority. The median TTO was 48 days. Overall WSP analyses suggested an early failure type pattern, while event-specific analyses demonstrated heterogeneous temporal patterns. Patients aged≥65 years had a higher cumulative incidence of AEs. Hepatobiliary events were the leading ones, with a predominance of reports involving female and geriatric (≥65 years) patients.

conclusionAvacopan demonstrated a favourable safety profile in patients with AAV in real-world settings. The overall AE risk increased with age, while hepatobiliary events were particularly more frequent among geriatric and female patients. Our study uncovered previously unrecognised AEs as well. These findings highlighted the need for risk-informed and AE-specific monitoring strategies to support individualised management.