ArticleJournal of forensic sciences2026
Combining medial clavicular epiphysis ossification and clavicle length on conventional radiography for forensic age estimation: A multivariable regression approach.
Article in Journal of forensic sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Accurate age estimation is crucial in forensic contexts, yet current methods have limitations. This study evaluates whether integrating clavicle length with medial clavicular epiphysis (MCE) ossification improves age estimation on conventional chest radiographs. A retrospective analysis was performed on 743 chest radiographs from Italian individuals aged 10-30 years. MCE ossification was staged according to Schmeling's classification, and clavicle length was measured. Three multivariable linear regression models were developed, and post-hoc subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate age-dependent performance. Results showed that while clavicle length correlated significantly with age in the overall sample (p < 0.001), its predictive value was limited to early adolescence (10-15 years) and became non-significant in the critical forensic window of 16-20 years (p = 0.342). Nevertheless, the combined regression model (MCE stage + clavicle length + sex) achieved the best overall performance (R
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