Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41881033›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Electrochemical Hofmann Rearrangement for Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas and Late-Stage Modification of Drugs.

Xue-Qing Mou, Xiao Zha, Yu-Rui Jian, Shao-Xing Zhong, Xin-Yu Fu, Sheng-Yang Xu, Wei Xiang, Bao-Dong Cui, Yun Zhang, Yong-Zheng Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xue-Qing MouGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Xiao ZhaGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Yu-Rui JianGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Shao-Xing ZhongGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Xin-Yu FuGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Sheng-Yang XuGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Wei XiangGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Bao-Dong CuiGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.
Yun ZhangGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5669-5125
Yong-Zheng ChenGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovation and Manufacturing for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-3486

Funding

Graduate Education Innovation Program of Zunyi Medical University ZYK226Guizhou Science and Technology Department 2024YJSKYJJ318Guizhou Science and Technology Department 2024YJSKYJJ345Guizhou Science and Technology Department QKHJCVZD-2026-002Guizhou Science and Technology Department QKHJC-ZK[2025]-053Guizhou Science and Technology Department QKHPTRC-GCC[2022]032-1Guizhou Science and Technology Department QKHRCPTGCC-2023-003Natural Science Foundation of China 22161056Zunyi Science and Technology Department ZSKH-2025-254
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to the poor compatibility of amines under oxidative conditions and the low chemoselectivity between two different amides, the Hofmann rearrangement of amides involving amine or other amide nucleophiles poses significant challenges. Herein, we present a versatile electrochemical reaction that achieves highly chemoselective Hofmann rearrangement of two different amides with the addition of only sodium iodide, enabling the efficient synthesis of single N-acylureas. Additionally, under similar electrochemical conditions, both primary and secondary amines can also efficiently react with amides to produce unsymmetrical ureas. This electrosynthetic method exhibits good functional group tolerance and has been successfully employed to synthesize five herbicides, as well as to facilitate the late-stage functionalization of over twenty amine-containing drugs. Furthermore, mechanism studies indicated that the use of NaI guaranteed the feasibility and compatibility of the reaction.

Indexed as

AmidesElectrochemical TechniquesHerbicidesUreaAminesAmidesAminesHerbicidesUreaelectrosynthesisHofmann rearrangementN‐acylureasunsymmetrical ureas

Identifiers

PMID41881033
PMCPMC13587983

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.