Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41881010›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2026

Rapid and repeated evolution of myosin copy number in threespine stickleback.

Alyssa M Yoxsimer, Rhea R Daugherty, Emily E Hare, Yingguang Frank Chan, Felicity C Jones, Garrett A Roberts Kingman, Emma G Offenberg, Timothy R Howes, Haili Zhang, Alex A Pollen and 16 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Alyssa M YoxsimerDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Rhea R DaughertyDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Emily E HareDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Yingguang Frank ChanDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Felicity C JonesDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Garrett A Roberts KingmanDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Emma G OffenbergDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Timothy R HowesDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Haili ZhangDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Alex A PollenDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Shannon D BradyDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kathleen T XieDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Heidi I ChenDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Craig B LoweDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Eric H Au
Jane GrimwoodHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
Jeremy SchmutzHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
Richard M MyersHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
Dolph SchluterBiodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
David C HeinsDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Miguel L ReyesDepartment of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
John A BakerDepartment of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
Bjarni JónssonAlthingi Parliament, 150 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Thomas E ReimchenDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.
Michael A BellUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
David M KingsleyDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: kingsley@stanford.edu.

Funding

INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING GRANT IN GENOME SCIENCET32HG000044 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MICHAEL P. SNYDER · 1995 to 2026
$32.2M
Genomic Basis of Vertebrate DiversityP50HG002568 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KINGSLEY, DAVID M · 2002 to 2011
$29.2M
Dynamics of Contemporary Genomic Evolution in Replicate Threespine Stickleback PopulationsR01GM124330 · NIGMS · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI VEERAMAH, KRISHNA R · 2017 to 2021
$1.6M
NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG002568NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000044NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM124330
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Copy-number variants at genomic loci evolve at a high rate, are linked to many different diseases, and play a role in adaptive evolution in humans and other organisms. Here, we show that stickleback fish from freshwater environments have rapidly and repeatedly evolved an expanded number of copies of a gene family involved in muscle development, myosin heavy chain 3 cluster C (MYH3C), compared with marine populations. Differences in copy number between marine and freshwater fish are maintained even in the presence of gene flow, suggesting that MYH3C changes represent adaptive divergence between ecotypes. Copy-number expansion occurs by tandem duplication of MYH3C coding and regulatory regions on the stickleback sex chromosome. We identify a muscle regulatory enhancer within the expanded MYH3C region and show that elevated copy number is associated with developmental and tissue-specific increases in corresponding mRNA expression levels in skeletal muscle. Common MYH3C clusters include 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-copy variants that likely evolved through a combination of microhomology-mediated break repair and non-allelic homologous recombination. Our results provide a new example of copy-number changes in a wild species and identify copy-number variations (CNVs) as potential "hotspots" of repeated adaptive evolution.

Indexed as

DNA Copy Number VariationsEvolution, MolecularFish ProteinsMyosin Heavy ChainsSmegmamorphaAnimalsFish ProteinsMyosin Heavy Chainsadaptive evolutioncontemporary evolutioncopy-number variationGasterosteus aculeatusmicrohomology-mediated break-induced replicationmyosin heavy chainnon-allelic homologous recombinationspecies pairsstickleback

Identifiers

PMID41881010
PMCPMC13092263

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.