Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41880578›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Immune cell profiling reveals expanded stem cell-like memory T cells in anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.

Sumanta Barman, Saskia Räuber, Katharina Eisenhut, Daniela Esser, Martijn van Duijn, Madeleine Scharf, Marisol Herrera-Rivero, Paul Disse, Lara-Maria Preuth, Valeria Gulyaeva and 36 more

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Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Sumanta Barman *Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4485-402X
Saskia Räuber *Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8901-5572
Katharina Eisenhut *Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6448-3126
Daniela EsserInstitute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105/Lübeck 23538, Germany.
Martijn van DuijnDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6654-994X
Madeleine ScharfInstitute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika Aktiengesellschaft, Lübeck 23560, Germany.
Marisol Herrera-RiveroInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
Paul DisseDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1566-5016
Lara-Maria PreuthDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Valeria GulyaevaDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-4769-6189
Ilja SchwanDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Eliza Vom SteinDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-2334-1715
Marius JonasDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Duygu PulDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Michael HemingDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9568-2790
Louisa Müller-MinyDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
Manuela PaunovicDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
Christine StrippelDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7080-6769
Ebru HaholuInstitute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.ORCID 0009-0005-7298-1893
Jan BartoschInstitute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.
Elisabeth KaufmannDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.
Justina DargvainieneInstitute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105/Lübeck 23538, Germany.
Sabine KahlDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Marius RingelsteinDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Eric BindelsDepartment of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9502-669X
Heinz WiendlDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
Nikolas H StoeckleinDepartment of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Johannes FischerInstitute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2079-1845
Norbert GoebelsDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Lars KomorowskiInstitute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika Aktiengesellschaft, Lübeck 23560, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4698-3316
Michael RodenDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8200-6382
Andrea RossiGenome Engineering and Model Development Lab, Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5863-6448
Monika StollDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2711-4281
Albert J BeckerInstitute of Cellular Neurosciences II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
Motaz HamedClinic for Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
Christian G BienDepartment of Epileptology, Bethel Epilepsy Center, Medical School Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33617, Germany.
Romana HöftbergerDivision of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Jan BauerDepartment of Neuroimmunology, Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-5802-8047
Sven G MeuthDepartment of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2571-3501
Maarten J TitulaerDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1033-3840
Frank LeypoldtInstitute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105/Lübeck 23538, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8972-515X
Gerd Meyer zu HörsteDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4341-4719
Franziska Thaler *Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany.
Nico Melzer *Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2420-701X
in cooperation with the Erasmus Medical Center-AIE Study Group
German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis

Funding

Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt (BMBF) 01GM1908A and 01GM2208ADeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ERARE18-202 UltraAIEElse Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (EKFS) 2023_EKMS.05EpilepsieNL 19-18Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung (Friedrich Baur Stiftung) 54/23Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (Thyssen Foundation) 10.23.1.015MNHHU | Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (HHU) 2022-04LMU excellent AOST 867603-4Stichting Dioraphte (Dioraphte) 2001 0403ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development) ERARE-JTC2018 202: UltraAIE
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immunopathogenesis of autoimmune neurological syndromes (AINS) with antibodies against the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD65 AINS) remains poorly understood. To elucidate underlying disease mechanisms and identify relevant cell populations, we performed single-cell RNA and immune repertoire sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eight anti-GAD65 AINS individuals compared to eight noninflammatory controls. In addition, PBMCs from 19 anti-GAD65 AINS individuals and 20 healthy controls were analyzed by multidimensional flow cytometry, and brain tissue specimens from four anti-GAD65 AINS individuals were examined histologically. We detected higher frequencies of stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM) within the PBMCs and a marked enrichment and clonal expansion of activated CD4

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesAutoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemGlutamate DecarboxylaseMemory T CellsAdultCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleMiddle AgedSingle-Cell AnalysisStem CellsAutoantibodiesGlutamate Decarboxylaseglutamate decarboxylase 2anti-GAD65 autoimmune neurological syndromesimmune repertoire profilingsingle cell transcriptomics

Identifiers

PMID41880578
PMCPMC13038060

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.