Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41880508›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

A galactic cosmic ray cavity in Earth-Moon space.

Wensai Shang, Ji Liu, Zigong Xu, Chao Yue, Ruilong Guo, Chao Xiao, Quanqi Shi, Robert F Wimmer-Schweingruber, Jingnan Guo, Alexander W Degeling and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Wensai ShangShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7078-8249
Ji LiuDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2G7, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6648-8908
Zigong XuInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9246-996X
Chao YueSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9720-5210
Ruilong GuoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7125-0942
Chao XiaoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2633-9526
Quanqi ShiShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6835-4751
Robert F Wimmer-SchweingruberInstitute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7388-173X
Jingnan GuoSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8707-076X
Alexander W DegelingShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7338-9270
Robert RankinKey Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Population Health of Xizang Autonomous Region, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China.
Anmin TianShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
Qiu-Gang ZongSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Chenyao HanShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0009-0008-6476-0734
Jong-Sun ParkShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2732-1168
Huizi WangShandong Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Exploration Technology, School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3652-6210
Wenlong LiuSchool of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
Suiyan FuSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3858-1555
L M ZhaiNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7294-9691
D ChenNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6109-0113
Sulan NiSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 100871, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2873-0860
T L ChenKey Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2944-2422

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In regions of the Solar System distant from planetary magnetic fields, galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) have generally been assumed to be uniformly distributed over the Earth-Moon distance. However, our analysis of data from the LND (Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry) experiment onboard the Chang'E-4 lander revealed a region of reduced GCR flux in the prenoon sector of the lunar orbit. Further investigation suggests the presence of an energetic particle cavity, formed by Earth's magnetic field acting as an obstacle to GCR propagation. This cavity indicates that the influence of Earth's magnetic field within the space environment extends unexpectedly up to and far beyond the lunar orbit. This finding offers the potential to avoid high radiation levels during future lunar exploration and deep-space missions.

Identifiers

PMID41880508
PMCPMC13015879

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.