ArticlePLOS global public health2026
Adaptation and validation of HIV/AIDS module for university students in Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
University students in Pakistan frequently possess limited and inaccurate understanding of HIV/AIDS, including misconceptions about how it spreads, immunity, and treatment. This knowledge gap increases their vulnerability, as young adults are a high-risk group for new infections. The study focused on adapting and validating a culturally suitable HIV/AIDS educational module specifically for university students in Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. The validation process consisted of three stages: (i) adapting an existing HIV/AIDS educational package; (ii) conducting qualitative research with religious scholars to confirm its cultural and contextual relevance; and (iii) performing face and content validation with university students and public health experts. Forty-eight students evaluated face validity using a binary scale, while six subject-matter experts and five religious scholars assessed content validity via a 4-point Likert scale. Fleiss' Kappa Index (FKI) was employed to measure inter-rater agreement, and Content Validity Indices (CVI) were calculated to assess overall content validity. High agreement levels were observed: students (Kappa = 0.80) and experts (Kappa = 0.82) showed strong consensus on the clarity and relevance of the module content. The Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) was above 0.90 for both groups, 0.95 for experts, and 0.94 for religious scholars, exceeding recommended standards. These results suggest that the module is both acceptable and effective in delivering HIV/AIDS information in a culturally sensitive way. This study demonstrates that a well-adapted HIV/AIDS educational module can achieve high validity when tailored to local cultural and religious contexts. The module shows promise as a model that can be replicated for HIV prevention and health education programmes among youth in similar low- and middle-income settings.
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