ArticleAMB Express2026
Phage-antibiotic combination: a possible approach to combatting multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Article in AMB Express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major global health concern due to its role in severe hospital-acquired infections and resistance to multiple antibiotics. As conventional antibiotics lose effectiveness, bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers a promising alternative. This study assessed phage therapy alone and combined with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae using the time-kill assay. A total of 48 clinical isolates were collected and identified as K. pneumoniae. According to their antibiotic susceptibility, 91.7% (n = 44) of the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant. Sewage samples were processed to isolate a phage-coded Kp25, which showed lytic activity against 17 isolates and remained stable within a temperature range of 40–90 °C and a pH range of 3–11. The taxonomic classification of the phage was made clear by the findings of the genomic analysis, which is Viruses; Duplodnaviria; Heunggongvirae; Uroviricota; Caudoviricetes; Drexlerviridae; Webervirus; Webervirus domnhall. Phage combination with sub-MIC of levofloxacin and meropenem showed potential antibacterial activity, so that complete in vitro bacterial eradication was achieved starting from 4 h incubation until the end of the incubation period. However, phage combination with sub-MIC of gentamicin showed weak antibacterial activity. These findings highlight the phage combination with levofloxacin and meropenem as an effective strategy against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.