Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41878781›Full record

Trial reportPublic health nutrition2026

Economic evaluation of the 'Click & Crunch' online intervention to improve healthy food purchases from Australian primary school canteens: a cost and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Rebecca Wyse, Tara Clinton-McHarg, Rachel Zoetemeyer, Rachel Sutherland, Kathryn Reilly, Tessa Delaney, Serene Sze Lin Yoong, Luke Wolfenden, John Wiggers, Penny Reeves

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rebecca WyseSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4872-2112
Tara Clinton-McHargSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Rachel ZoetemeyerSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Rachel SutherlandSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Kathryn ReillySchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Tessa DelaneySchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2756-4821
Serene Sze Lin YoongSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0836-017X
Luke WolfendenSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
John WiggersSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Penny ReevesSchool of Medicine and Public Health, https://ror.org/00eae9z71The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBehavioural interventions can be delivered via online school canteens to improve healthy purchasing for students. However, no evaluations of the cost or cost-effectiveness of online canteen interventions have been conducted. The objective was to conduct a cost and cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing an online school canteen intervention to improve healthy purchasing.

settingThe 'Click & Crunch' cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in seventeen Australian primary schools.

participantsEight control schools (848 students) received the standard online canteen. Nine intervention schools (1359 students) received a behavioural intervention delivered through the online canteen.

designIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated for the cost per student to achieve (1) a unit decrease in the mean energy (kJ) content and (2) a percentage increase in the mean proportion of healthier 'Everyday' items purchased in their online lunch orders (from a health service and societal perspective).

resultsIt costs AUD$568 per school (range $343-$806) to implement. The ICER for mean energy content was AUD$0·06 and AUD$0·46 for mean proportion of 'Everyday' foods (from a health perspective). At a willingness to pay of AUD$0·20 and AUD$1·20 per student, the intervention would have a 95 % and 99 % probability of being cost-effective for the energy (kJ) content and proportion of 'Everyday' items, respectively.

conclusions'Click & Crunch' has the potential to be a cost-effective intervention to reduce the energy content and increase the proportion of 'Everyday' items from primary school online canteen lunch orders.

Indexed as

Diet, HealthyFood ServicesHealth PromotionSchoolsAustraliaChildCost-Benefit AnalysisCost-Effectiveness AnalysisFemaleFood PreferencesHumansLunchMaleStudentsBehaviourChoice architectureCost-effectivenessCostingHealthy eatingNudgeOnline ordering systems

Identifiers

PMID41878781
PMCPMC13112308

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.