Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41878504›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in aging2026

Neurosenescence, inflammaging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.

Duraisamy Kempuraj, Prathiv Raj Ramesh Babu, Nithura Jayakumar, Mohit G Belur, Charles H Cohan, Arjun Sharma, Estella Sanchez-Guerrero, Tristin Anderson, Daniel Kong, Baskaran Chinnappan and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Duraisamy KempurajCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Prathiv Raj Ramesh BabuCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Nithura JayakumarCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Mohit G BelurCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Charles H CohanCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Arjun SharmaCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Estella Sanchez-GuerreroCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Tristin AndersonCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Daniel KongCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Baskaran ChinnappanCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Claudia PenaCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Nancy G KlimasCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Theoharis C TheoharidesCenter of Excellence for Neuroinflammation Research, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine (INIM), Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Senescence is the biological aging associated with the gradual deterioration of cells and functions of various organs over time. This irreversible process is caused by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, such as telomere shortening, exposure to cytotoxic substances, and accumulated cellular damage over time, although the rate of degradation can be modified by lifestyle factors. Immunosenescence specifically refers to senescent changes in the innate and adaptive immunity and is associated with low inflammation known as inflammaging. As immunosenescence implies, reduced immune function leads to impaired tissue function and an increased risk of infection and heightened susceptibility to chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly. An increase in senescent cells is common in aging, which leads to age-associated diseases. Cellular senescence may also contribute to the onset and severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathology. Inflammaging with high levels of proinflammatory marker expression may result from changes in immune responses, chronic antigenic stimulation, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, such as increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) has been reported in AD patients. The levels of the senescence marker p16INK4a and several SASP factors, such as MMP-3, IL-6, IL-1α and IL-8 are elevated along with low levels of astrocytic lamin B1 in the substantia nigra of PD. This review discusses recent developments in neurosenescence and immunosenescence in AD and PD, as well as potential senolytic therapies.

Indexed as

agingAlzheimer’s diseaseastrocytesimmunosenescenceinflammagingmicroglianeurosenescenceParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID41878504
PMCPMC13007292

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.