ArticleInterventional radiology (Higashimatsuyama-shi (Japan)2026
Hepatic Artery Embolization Reduces Tumor-infiltrating-CD8-positive Lymphocytes in an Orthotopic Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model.
Article in Interventional radiology (Higashimatsuyama-shi (Japan), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Hepatic artery embolization is a locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma that may modulate the tumor immune microenvironment. However, its effects on tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes remain unclear. This study evaluates changes in tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes following hepatic artery embolization in an orthotopic rat hepatocellular carcinoma model using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Material and Methods: Orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma was established in rats using N1S1 cells. Animals were divided into an hepatic artery embolization group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 11). One week after the procedures, liver tumor tissues were harvested, and flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to quantify total and exhausted cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes. Results: Tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes significantly decreased in the hepatic artery embolization group compared to controls by both flow cytometry (0.13 ± 0.09 vs. 0.46 ± 0.27 × 10 Conclusions: Hepatic artery embolization reduces the number of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes without altering the proportion of exhausted T cells. These findings suggest that, to increase hepatic artery embolization efficacy in combination with immunotherapy, a strategy of recruiting more cluster of differentiation 8-positive lymphocytes into the tumor tissue may be necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.