ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2023
Glyphosate and fluoride in high-hardness drinking water are positively associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka.
Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic exposure to low levels of glyphosate and metals induces kidney dysfunction.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Case-control study of water and agricultural exposures among women in CKDu-endemic Sri Lanka.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Glyphosate bioremediation using a newly isolated Bacillus albus strain F9D: mechanisms and kinetic studies.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Environmental exposure assessment in the international prospective study of Chronic Kidney Disease of UnceRtain Etiology (CKDu) in Agricultural Communities (CURE) research consortium: Design and protocol development.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Glyphosate in Cereals Together with a Discussion of Its Occurrence, Accumulation, Fate, Degradation, and Regulatory Status.Methods and protocols · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic and behavioral analyses reveal unique target tissues and molecular pathways associated with embryonic exposure to low level glyphosate and metal mixtures in zebrafish.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain Etiology (CKDu) has emerged as a serious public health concern in farming communities globally, especially in Sri Lanka with 5-20% of the adult population affected by the disease in CKDu-endemic regions. It is hypothesized that drinking water contamination of glyphosate in combination with water hardness and co-occurring trace elements contribute to CKDu in Sri Lanka. However, no studies to-date have comprehensively examined this hypothesis. Here we conducted a large field study to measure and compare drinking water chemical burden in CKDu-endemic areas with CKDu-non-endemic areas in rural Sri Lanka. Chemical measures of water quality included glyphosate, water hardness, and trace elements including fluoride. Glyphosate was detected in 44% of endemic wells and 8% of non-endemic wells. Fluoride was detected in 99% of endemic wells and 80% of non-endemic wells. Logistic regression revealed that the presence of elevated glyphosate, fluoride, hardness, and vanadium in wells were positively associated with CKDu prevalence. The co-occurrence of glyphosate and high hardness indicate potential complexation of glyphosate in wells from CKDu-endemic areas. Collectively, our work represents the first definitive assessment of glyphosate presence in regions with geogenic high water hardness and fluoride and demonstrate a strong correlation with CKDu incidence.
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