ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2026
Protocol for modulating anesthesia delta oscillations using closed loop auditory stimulation.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Delta waves (0.1-4 Hz) are a hallmark of unconsciousness in both sleep and general anesthesia (GA). Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) delivers brief sounds phase-locked to ongoing slow oscillations and can modulate slow-wave activity (SWA) during sleep, but its efficacy and translational relevance under propofol anesthesia, particularly in the presence of nociceptive input, remain unknown. Methods: We describe a prospective, within-subject protocol in 30 neurologically healthy adults undergoing elective surgery under propofol GA. Intraoperative high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG; 128 channels) is recorded while a real-time CLAS algorithm detects Anticipated results: We hypothesize that Discussion: If confirmed, these findings would position CLAS as a candidate neuromodulation strategy to reinforce anesthetic
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