Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41877166›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and therapy2026

High adherence to oral daily PrEP in a real-world implementation project in Kenya: a brief communication.

Ivan Segawa, Linxuan Wu, Josephine Odoyo, Margaret Mwangi, Jennifer F Morton, Elizabeth Irungu, Kenneth Ngure, Nelly R Mugo, Elizabeth Bukusi, Kenneth K Mugwanya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ivan SegawaClinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. ivansegy@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-4535-1694
Linxuan WuDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Josephine OdoyoCentre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Margaret MwangiCentre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jennifer F MortonDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Elizabeth IrunguJhpiego, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kenneth NgureDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Nelly R MugoDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Elizabeth BukusiDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Kenneth K MugwanyaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.

Funding

Optimizing Antiretroviral-Based HIV Prevention for HIV Serodiscordant CouplesR01MH095507 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BAETEN, JARED · 2011 to 2020
$6.1M
PrEP adherence-concentration thresholds associated with HIV protection among African womenR01AI155086 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ANDERSON, PETER L., MUGWANYA, KENNETH KIGGUNDU · 2021 to 2024
$3.1M
A differentiated care model to improve the efficiency of PrEP delivery in KenyaR00MH118134 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MUGWANYA, KENNETH KIGGUNDU · 2019 to 2021
$743k
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP10556051NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155086NIH HHS R01MH095507NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH118134NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH095507
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective biomarkers of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS), remain critical for interpreting PrEP adherence. We tested 195 DBS randomly collected from 168 of 4,955 PrEP clients returning for refills at 25 public HIV clinics in Kenya. DBS were extracted using the 50:50 methanol: water method, and drug concentrations quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal adherence was defined as ≥ 900 fmol/punch, corresponding to ≥ 4 doses/week. TFV-DP was detectable in 96% (188/195) of samples; 71% (138/195) had optimal adherence, higher among older clients and men. Optimal adherence is achievable in real-world PrEP programs.

Indexed as

AdenineAnti-HIV AgentsDrug MonitoringHIV InfectionsOrganophosphatesPre-Exposure ProphylaxisAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultChromatography, LiquidDried Blood Spot TestingFemaleHumansKenyaMaleMiddle AgedAdenineAnti-HIV AgentsOrganophosphatestenofovir diphosphateAdherenceDried Blood SpotsHIVKenyaPrEP

Identifiers

PMID41877166
PMCPMC13137526

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.