Trial reportBMC geriatrics2026
Effects of a virtual reality-based multimodal training program on cognitive and physical functions in community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older: a randomized pre-post controlled study.
Trial report in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAge-related declines in cognitive and physical functions threaten functional independence and healthy aging. Multimodal training that integrates cognitive and physical components has been proposed as an effective strategy to address these challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality (VR)–based multimodal training program on cognitive and physical functions in community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older.
methodsThis study employed a randomized, assessor-blinded, pre–post controlled design. A total of 57 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years were allocated to either a VR-based multimodal training group or a control group that maintained usual daily activities. The intervention consisted of VR-based multimodal training conducted twice weekly for 30 min per session over an 8-week period. Cognitive and physical functions were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, and both within-group changes and between-group differences were analyzed. Cognitive outcomes included global cognitive function, domain-specific cognitive measures, and motor–cognitive dual-task performance. Physical outcomes included measures of muscle strength, balance, mobility, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body composition.
resultsCompared with the control group, the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in cognitive processing speed, as measured by the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (change: 4.33 ± 6.58; p = 0.002), while overall global cognitive function was largely maintained. Significant improvements were also observed in multiple physical performance measures, including the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (change: −0.99 ± 0.99 s; p < 0.001), One-Leg Stand test (change: 7.75 ± 19.39 s; p = 0.003), and Two-Minute Step Test (change: 7.53 ± 12.46 steps; p = 0.002), all of which differed significantly from the control group (p < 0.05).
conclusionAn 8-week VR-based multimodal training program was associated with selective improvements in cognitive processing speed and consistent enhancements in physical performance among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older. Rather than inducing broad cognitive enhancement, VR-based multimodal training may support functional maintenance with domain-specific benefits. These findings suggest that structured VR-based multimodal training may serve as a complementary intervention for promoting functional independence and active aging, although further large-scale and comparative studies are warranted.
trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000055778), registered on October 8, 2024.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.