ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Factors associated with sarcopenia and exploratory thresholds for low muscle strength in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, Muscle Function, and Contemporary Sarcopenia Definitions in Older Adults With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria are widely used among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, accumulating evidence suggests that conventional thresholds may underestimate sarcopenia in PLHIV and fail to capture early functional decline. This study explored handgrip strength (HGS) values associated with poorer quality of life (QoL) to assist early functional screening, and identified factors associated with sarcopenia.
methodsCross-sectional study in PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle and QoL variables; defined sarcopenia using EWGSOP2 algorithm; and evaluated HGS accuracy for discriminating poorer QoL (WHOQOL-HIV Bref median). We present exploratory HGS thresholds and factors associated with sarcopenia in adjusted models.
resultsA total of 105 PLHIV participated (mean age 44.6 ± 13.5 years; 51.4% men). The HGS thresholds with the best accuracy for poorer QoL were ≤ 33 kg for men (sensitivity: 72.0%, specificity: 65.52%, Youden’s index: 0.37, AUC: 0.66) and ≤ 26 kg for women (sensitivity: 88.0%, specificity: 53.85%, Youden’s index: 0.41, AUC: 0.70). CD4 + T-cell count ≤ 200 cells/mm³ were associated with sarcopenia in both constructs (adjusted OR ≈ 4). Poorer QoL was associated with sarcopenia when using HGS ≤ 33/26 kg thresholds (OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.02–12.98).
conclusionSarcopenia was associated with immunosuppression in both models. HGS thresholds of ≤ 33/26 kg may be useful for early outpatient screening of functional vulnerability in PLHIV, while conventional thresholds (< 27/16 kg) may better reflect more severe clinical settings. Findings should be interpreted as exploratory and considered alongside clinical judgment. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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