ArticleJournal of neurology2026
Treatment-related modulation of visuo-vestibular integration in post-earthquake dizziness syndrome: a longitudinal virtual reality-based study.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPost-earthquake dizziness syndrome (PEDS) is increasingly recognized as a condition marked by persistent dizziness and imbalance after major earthquakes, often without clear peripheral vestibular pathology. Despite proposed roles of visuo-vestibular dysfunction and sensory conflict, longitudinal objective evidence remains limited.
objectiveTo examine the longitudinal effects of virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation (VR), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their integration (VR + CBT) on objective visuo-vestibular processing and symptom burden in adults with PEDS.
methodsIn a four-arm longitudinal study, 48 earthquake-exposed adults with PEDS were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up following an 8-week intervention. Objective visuo-vestibular outcomes were assessed using an immersive virtual reality-based system, including static and dynamic subjective visual vertical (SVV/DSVV), rod-and-frame test (RFT), and visual motion sensitivity (VMS) tests. Subjective outcomes included dizziness-related handicap (DHI) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PCL-5).
resultsDizziness-related disability and trauma-related symptoms improved over time across groups, indicating clinical modifiability of PEDS. Objective measures demonstrated a domain-specific response profile: SVV and DSVV remained largely stable, whereas RFT showed improvement in active treatment arms, suggesting reduced visual frame dependence. VMS outcomes exhibited differential trajectories, with the integrated VR + CBT group showing the most consistent and durable modulation under visually provocative conditions.
conclusionsRecovery in PEDS appears to involve selective modulation of context-dependent visuo-vestibular processing rather than uniform changes across all spatial orientation measures. Integrated VR + CBT yields the most coherent and durable benefits in visually demanding domains, supporting multidisciplinary models that jointly address sensory conflict and cognitive-emotional mechanisms after major earthquakes.
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