Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41875667›Full record

ArticleEnvironment international2026

Ambient air pollution during pregnancy and offspring cerebral palsy.

Haoran Zhuo, Beate Ritz, Jason G Su, Roch A Nianogo, Joshua Warren, Zeyan Liew

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environment international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Haoran ZhuoDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
Beate RitzDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Jason G SuSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
Roch A NianogoDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Joshua WarrenDepartment of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
Zeyan LiewDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address: zeyan.liew@yale.edu.

Funding

Air Pollution Exposure and Risk for Cerebral Palsy - A Statewide StudyR21ES035485 · NIEHS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LIEW, ZEYAN · 2024 to 2025
$487k
NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES035485
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent neuromotor disorder with childhood onset, and the etiology for most cases remains unexplained.

methodsWe conducted a population-based case-control study in California during 2000-2015, including all identified CP cases (N = 9,343) from the California's Department of Developmental Services and a control group of 20% random sample of live births without CP (N = 1,560,423). We employed a high-resolution (100 m) spatiotemporal model to estimate prenatal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM

findingsPrenatal exposures throughout pregnancy to ambient NO

conclusionsPrenatal exposure to major ambient air pollutants was associated with offspring CP. Future studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms are recommended.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsAir PollutionCerebral PalsyMaternal ExposurePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsCaliforniaCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansNitrogen DioxideOzoneParticulate MatterPregnancyAir PollutantsNitrogen DioxideOzoneParticulate MatterAmbient air pollutionCerebral palsyChemical mixtureNegative control

Identifiers

PMID41875667
PMCPMC13309808

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.