Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41875292›Full record

ArticleHormone research in paediatrics2026

Social Determinants of Health Impact on Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Outcomes Early after Diagnosis.

Brittany Marks, Claire Hecklinger, Alexander Meyer, Joshua Reyling, Sophia E Linn, Kaitlin E Olson, Kristen Miller, G Todd Alonso

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hormone research in paediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brittany MarksSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Claire HecklingerBarbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Alexander MeyerBarbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Joshua ReylingGeospatial Centroid, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Sophia E LinnGeospatial Centroid, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Kaitlin E OlsonChild Health Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Kristen MillerChild Health Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
G Todd AlonsoBarbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA, todd.alonso@cuanschutz.edu.

Funding

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus DRCP30DK116073 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI LORI SUSSEL · 2020 to 2026
$10.8M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK116073
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDisparities in diabetes technology use and glycemic outcomes among US youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are strongly associated with race/ethnicity and insurance. The Social Deprivation Index (SDI) offers a multidimensional measure of area-level socioeconomic disadvantage linked to poorer health outcomes in pediatric populations.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,541 youth aged <19 years who were newly diagnosed with T1D between 2018 and 2022 at a single tertiary care center. SDI was calculated from address and categorized into quintiles (Q1 least deprived). Primary outcomes included time to continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and insulin pump initiation and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) over 12 months. Differences by SDI quintile were assessed using interval-censored Cox proportional hazards and linear mixed-effects models.

resultsWithin 1 year, 84% initiated CGM and 50% initiated pump therapy. Time to CGM initiation increased across SDI quintiles; patients in Q3-Q5 were significantly less likely to initiate CGM than Q1 (Q3: HR, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.66-0.99, p = 0.036; Q4: 0.81, 0.67-0.98, p = 0.027; Q5: 0.69, 0.56-0.86; p = 0.001). Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and Medicaid-insured patients had lower CGM uptake. Pump initiation was significantly lower only in Q5. Among CGM users, Q5 had higher A1c than Q1 (difference 0.80%, p = 0.001). Among non-pump users, Q4 and Q5 had higher A1c than Q1. AID users had lower A1c than pump-only users (7.0% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.003).

conclusionA1c is lower across all SDI levels with CGM use, but disparities persist. Addressing structural barriers is essential to achieving equity.

Indexed as

Diabetes technologyPediatric diabetesSocial determinants of healthType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41875292
PMCPMC13293976

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.