ArticleRadiology and oncology2026
Conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma following complete response to transarterial radioembolization combined with atezolizumab and bevacizumab.
Article in Radiology and oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe current Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification recommends systemic treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab as the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies suggest that combining systemic immunotherapy with locoregional treatments, such as transarterial radioembolization (TARE), may enhance immune responses and improve overall treatment outcomes. This article presents a case series of three patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with transarterial radioembolization followed by atezolizumab and bevacizumab achieving conversion to surgical resection. PATIENTS AND
methodsBetween June 2020 and April 2024, three patients with advanced HCC were treated with TARE followed by atezolizumab and bevacizumab. The cohort included: Patient 1: A 59-year-old female, with noncirrhotic liver, with a 12 cm tumor and a 1.5 cm satellite lesion located in the liver, with hepatic vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombosis (Vv3 Japanese classification) and a small lung metastasis. Patient 2: A 63-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C (CHV), presenting with a 10 cm tumor and portal vein tumor thrombosis (Vp4 Japanese classification). Patient 3: A 50-year-old male, with non-cirrhotic liver, with a 17 cm tumor with portal vein and IVC tumor thrombosis (Vp3, Vv3 Japanese classification).
resultsThe combined treatment approach enabled surgical resection in all three patients, each achieving a complete pathological response. Interestingly, follow-up dosimetric analysis showed that all tumors had received a subtherapeutic absorbed radiation doses.
conclusionsIn selected patients, combining transarterial radioembolization with systemic immunotherapy may enable conversion to surgical resection in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, even with subthreshold tumor radiation doses, highlighting a potential synergistic and abscopal effect between locoregional and systemic therapies.
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