Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41874879›Full record

ArticleBrazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2026

Molecular surveillance of Bordetella pertussis during the 2024 outbreak in Southeast Brazil: allelic profiles and comparison to vaccine strain.

Thiago J Sousa, Felipe D Gatti, Joana Z Nodari, Gabriela C de Mendonça, Anna Clara G Có, Thabata C D Damasceno, Nayara C Silva, Lílian S Lavagnoli, Danielle G P Lyra, Jaqueline P Goulart and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Thiago J SousaLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-8883
Felipe D GattiLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-4670
Joana Z NodariLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-7178
Gabriela C de MendonçaLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-1961
Anna Clara G CóLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-0371
Thabata C D DamascenoLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4025
Nayara C SilvaLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7254-3029
Lílian S LavagnoliLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.
Danielle G P LyraCoordenação Estadual de Imunizações e Vigilância das Doenças Imunopreveníveis, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-1621
Jaqueline P GoulartLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2727-0687
Rodrigo Ribeiro-RodriguesLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo - LACEN/ES, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil. rodrigorodrigues@saude.es.gov.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0675-110X

Funding

Brazilian Ministry of Health Brazilian Ministry of HealthGovernment of the State of Espírito Santo Government of the State of Espírito Santo
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pertussis, a vaccine-preventable respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged in Brazil despite sustained whole-cell (wP) vaccine coverage. In 2024, the country experienced its largest outbreak since 2014, with Espírito Santo reporting a 91% increase in cases between 2024 and mid-2025. This study aimed to characterize the allelic profiles of B. pertussis isolates from the 2024 Espírito Santo outbreak and to compare them with the Bp137 wP vaccine strain. Five isolates were sequenced using the Illumina Respiratory Pathogen ID/AMR Enrichment Panel Kit. Seven virulence-associated genes, including the ptx locus (five subunits of the pertussis toxin) and the ptxP promoter region, were analyzed through comparative genomic approaches. All isolates shared an identical allelic profile, suggesting the circulation of a single clonal lineage. Divergences from Bp137 were identified in fim2, ptxP, ptxA, and ptxC, loci associated with adhesion, toxin production, and immune evasion, possibly reflecting vaccine-driven diversification. These findings highlight potential antigenic mismatch and the impact of reduced population immunity in the post-COVID-19 period. Despite the limited sample size, this study underscores the scarcity of allele profiling in Brazil and the need for expanded molecular surveillance to support pertussis control strategies.

Indexed as

Bordetella pertussisPertussis VaccineWhooping CoughAllelesBrazilDisease OutbreaksHumansPertussis VaccineAllelic profilingBp137Pertussis outbreakVaccine strain divergence

Identifiers

PMID41874879
PMCPMC13013852

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.