Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41874322›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026

Interventional spine therapy for neuropathic pain in individuals with paraplegia.

Tugrul Kocak, Yorck-Bernhard Kalke, Jianming Nie, Semra Kocak, Tobias Freitag, Heiko Reichel, Thomas Caffard, Hassan Awan Malik

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Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tugrul KocakDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Yorck-Bernhard KalkeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jianming NieDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Semra KocakDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Tobias FreitagDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Heiko ReichelDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Thomas CaffardDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Hassan Awan MalikDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfiltrations of the spine can be used to treat nociceptive or neuropathic pain. There is little data in the literature on the use of spinal injections in patients with paraplegia.

objectiveThe aim of this study is to determine whether patients with spinal cord injury experienced improvement in pain and spasticity following spinal injection.

methods19 (9 female, 10 male) patients (5 patients AIS A, 5 patients AIS C, 9 patients AIS D), including 9 tetraplegic and 10 paraplegic patients, with 22 injection techniques and a follow-up of 4.2 months (1-12 months) were retrospectively examined in our spinal cord injury Center in 2022 and 2023. The pain intensity on the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale), the MAS (Modified Ashworth Scale) for the graduation of muscle tone and the Spinal Cord Independence Measurement (SCIM) were assessed before infiltration and as part of the follow-up examination.

resultsImage intensifier-assisted facet and sacroiliac joint infiltrations were performed in 12 patients, CT-guided nerve root infiltrations and epidural injections in 10 patients with corresponding symptoms and image morphological correlate without complications. In all patients, a statistically significant reduction in pain on the NRS could be achieved (4.05 ± 1.84;

conclusionOur study represents the first retrospective exploratory analysis (phase I-style feasibility study) after spinal injection in patients with spinal cord injury. The primary results in terms of pain intensity, muscle tone and independence are promising and, in our view, represent a further therapeutic approach in addition to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy options. However, further investigations are necessary for this.

Indexed as

Injections, SpinalNeuralgiaParaplegiaSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementRetrospective Studiesneuropathic painpain managementspasticityspinal cord injuryspinal injection

Identifiers

PMID41874322
PMCPMC13591970

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.