ArticleAudiology research2026
Integrating the Sensation-Emotion-Cognition (SEC) Model into Tinnitus Care: A Preliminary Exploratory Study of a Comprehensive Tinnitus Management Protocol.
Article in Audiology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external source, is a prevalent condition that can substantially affect physical and mental health. Although tinnitus is not typically curable, it is often manageable with structured, multidisciplinary care. This pilot research describes the Sensation-Emotion-Cognition (SEC) model, a practical audiological framework developed by Danesh et al. that targets three core dimensions of the tinnitus experience.
methodsWe integrate findings from an exploratory retrospective cohort and a prospective expansion study. The SEC protocol included sound therapy, counseling and relaxation training, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered through either unguided, module-based internet CBT, clinician-guided module-based internet CBT, or six therapist-led CBT sessions. The objective was to evaluate whether this multifactorial approach is associated with reductions in tinnitus-related distress.
resultsIn this prospective study, preliminary results from 16 participants who completed the study were associated with significant pre-post changes in tinnitus-related outcomes: 4C management confidence increased from M = 30.38 to 60.19 (
conclusionsThese findings suggest the potential value of an integrated management strategy; however, given the single-group pre-post design and attrition, the results should be interpreted as exploratory and warrant confirmation in larger controlled trials.
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