ArticleNucleic acids research2026
Development and application of G4-Flame as a visual biosensor for G4-DNA.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA), a noncanonical tetrahelical nucleic acid structure stabilized by stacked G-quartets via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, plays critical roles in genomic regulation and disease pathogenesis. Current methodologies for detecting these structures face limitations in specificity, spatiotemporal resolution, and live-cell applicability. To address these challenges, we engineered G4-Flame, a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor utilizing circularly permuted fluorescent protein technology. By strategically positioning a G4-specific binding domain proximal to the fluorophore of circularly permuted YFP (cpYFP), G4-Flame achieves real-time, high-resolution visualization of G4-DNA dynamics in living systems, with specificity across diverse G4 conformations. Experimental validation revealed distinct spatiotemporal patterns of G4-DNA during the cell cycle: nuclear G4-DNA levels peaked during the S phase, while mitochondrial G4-DNA was found to suppress the expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes. Clinically, serum analysis revealed significantly elevated G4-DNA levels in cancer patients compared to healthy controls. This work establishes G4-Flame as a transformative tool for investigating G4-DNA spatiotemporal regulation and advances its potential as a biomarker for early cancer detection, bridging fundamental research with clinical translation.
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