ArticleChild development2026
Twins and their singleton siblings differ in language, cognition, and social-emotional development.
Article in Child development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
This study compared the language, cognition, and social-emotional development between twins and their younger singleton siblings at the ages 2, 3, 4, and 7 years. Data were collected 1996-2004 from 851 sibling trios from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS; 50.2% female; 93.2% White British). Distributions were comparable between twins and singletons across domains, indicative of mean rather than variance discrepancies. Twins performed worse than singletons in language, cognition, and social-emotional development across ages, with small to moderate effect sizes (d = 0.17-0.62). An exception was language at age 7 years, when twins exceeded their singleton siblings (d = -0.35). Overall, twins and their singleton siblings differed in development across domains and their differences in language reversed during childhood.
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