ArticleParasitology2026
Alternative hypotheses to explain the relationship between infestation intensity and sex ratio of ricinid lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Ricinidae) infesting hummingbirds (Apodiformes: Trochilidae).
Article in Parasitology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ricinid lice are exceptionally large-bodied relative to their hosts and tend to form small infrapopulations. They exhibit a more pronounced female bias (predominance of females) than most other lice. Sex ratios (SRs; the proportions of males) of 10 hummingbird-ricinid species pairs collected from South and North America were examined. There was a significant positive relationship between infrapopulation size and SR in 5 cases, and similar non-significant tendencies in 4 cases. Two formerly constructed hypotheses had been considered to explain this relationship. First,
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