Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41872923›Full record

ArticleOne health outlook2026

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from beef and bovine milk in Gondar town, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Seleshe Nigatu, B Dejene, B Adugna, H Belete, Sadam M Ibrahim, Ahmed G Abdelhamid, Ahmed E Yousef, A B Gashaw, M Araya

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Article in One health outlook, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Seleshe NigatuDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. seleshe2@gmail.com.
B DejeneDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia.
B AdugnaDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
H BeleteDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Sadam M IbrahimDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Ahmed G AbdelhamidDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Ahmed E YousefDepartment of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
A B GashawInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Senior Implementation Research Advisor, Project HOPE, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
M ArayaDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCampylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne diarrheal zoonotic diseases globally, often transmitted through contaminated food. Especially in Ethiopia, due to practices such as consuming raw milk and undercooked meat, as well as weak antibiotic regulations, the risk is higher. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni in raw cow’s milk and beef carcass swabs in Gondar, Ethiopia.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2022 and June 2023, collecting raw milk samples (n = 194) and beef carcass swabs (n = 196) using stratified multistage sampling. Raw milk was collected from the farm and cafeteria, and carcass swabs from 50 cm² areas of the neck, brisket, flank, and rump regions of beef. Campylobacter jejuni was identified by biochemical tests and amplification of the “hipO” gene, and antibiotic resistance was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method.

resultsA high prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was found in beef (21.9%) and cow’s milk (19.6%), with older animals showing the highest rate (25%). Although not statistically significant, the prevalence was higher on farms with poor hygiene (23.53%) compared to those with better conditions (p > 0.05) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.42 to 3.32). Contamination of beef increased significantly after evisceration (p = 0.019) (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.21 to 8.68). Regarding antimicrobial resistance, beef isolates showed higher resistance to Cefoxitin, Nalidixic acid, and Erythromycin than milk isolates. Notably, 44.4% of the total isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance to Tetracycline, Polymyxin B, and Erythromycin classes, with 28.4% originating from beef swabs.

conclusionThe study outlined a concerning level of Campylobacter jejuni prevalence and significant levels of multidrug resistance to antibiotics commonly used in both humans and animals. This underscores the necessity for a One Health approach to tackle these challenges.

Indexed as

Antibiotic resistanceBeefCampylobacter jejuniEthiopiaMilkOne-health

Identifiers

PMID41872923
PMCPMC13097652

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