Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41872711›Full record

Trial reportBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2026

Prenatal 17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Exposure in Twins and Childhood Outcomes: 14-Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Trial.

Emilie V J van Limburg Stirum, Marjon A de Boer, A C J Ravelli, Rik van Eekelen, Aleid G Leemhuis, Martijn J J Finken, Cornelieke S H Aarnoudse-Moens, Anneloes L van Baar, Noor E Simons, Rebecca C Painter and 5 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Emilie V J van Limburg StirumDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-0332
Marjon A de BoerAmsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
A C J RavelliDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-8286
Rik van EekelenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Aleid G LeemhuisDepartment of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Martijn J J FinkenDepartment of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Cornelieke S H Aarnoudse-MoensAmsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Anneloes L van BaarChild and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Noor E SimonsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-0800
Rebecca C PainterAmsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Arianne C LimDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Ben W MolDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Eva PajkrtDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Martijn A OudijkAmsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-4365
Janneke van 't HooftDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveLong-term child outcomes after intra-uterine exposure to 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) versus placebo.

designFollow-up of the AMPHIA randomised controlled trial assessing neonatal outcomes after weekly 17-OHPC injections compared to placebo in multiple pregnancies.

settingMulticentre. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Children born in the AMPHIA study.

methodsChildren were assessed at 11-14 years of age by record linkage and through self-reported, parental and teacher questionnaires. Mean differences or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with cluster robust standard errors for twins and adjustment for confounders using inverse probability weighting (IPW).

main outcome measuresChild mortality, educational attainment, cognition, behaviour, gender identity, general health, and a composite of abnormal development.

resultsUp to 14 years, 60/1356 children had died (n = 24 17-OHPC and n = 36 placebo (OR 0.75 95% CI 0.36-1.53)). Record linkage was completed for 1027/1296 (79%) surviving children (n = 517 17-OHPC and n = 510 placebo). No significant difference was found regarding educational attainment. Detailed developmental outcomes through questionnaires were collected for 303/1296 (23%) surviving children (n = 159 17-OHPC and n = 144 placebo). No differences in cognition, behaviour, gender identity, and general health up to 14 years of age were found between both groups. The composite of abnormal development did not differ between 17-OHPC (23.3%) and placebo (20.1%) groups (OR 1.31 95% CI 0.66-2.56).

conclusionIn offspring of women with a multiple pregnancy, the use of 17-OHPC in pregnancy is unlikely to provide positive or negative effects on child outcome related to mortality, educational attainment, cognition and behaviour.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentHydroxyprogesteronesPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsProgestins17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone CaproateAdolescentChildFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMalePregnancy17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone CaproateHydroxyprogesteronesProgestinschild developmentlong‐term follow‐uppreterm birthprogesterone

Identifiers

PMID41872711
PMCPMC13419107

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.