ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2026
In Silico and In-vitro assessment of β carotene extracted from Westella botryoides for fighting multidrug resistant bacterial strains.
Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Algae are a sustainable natural resource because of their beta-carotene content. Therefore, this study demonstrates the extraction of the bioactive compound beta-carotene as a protein pigment from the green alga Westella botryoides and its potential use as an antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacterial cells. This study investigates the interactions between beta-carotene and bacterial receptors, including S. mutans-3IHK, E. coli-7P2M, S. aureus-5M1A, and Salmonella typhi-7CI4, using molecular docking simulations. The study explores the binding affinity, energetic dynamics, and molecular interactions between β-carotene and these receptors, revealing insights into its potential antimicrobial activities. In addition, the study evaluates the toxicity of β-carotene, its potential nephrotoxic and respiratory toxicities, and other biological functions. The results show that the green alga W. botryoides has a number of natural medicinal compounds. This was the first time that beta-carotene was extracted from it. The concentration was 0.78 µg/mg in the fresh weight of the alga and 132 mg in the dry weight of the alga. This shows that the protein pigment beta-carotene was present in the alga. This was especially true when Westella botryoides grew under a light intensity of 45 µmol, which is when the sample was taken in the stationary phase. The study also found that the highest killing rate (22, 18, 27, and 28%) for all cells was at the highest β-Carotene concentration (500 µg/mL). The lowest killing rates for the cells of S. mutans, S. mutans, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa in this study were 18%, 14%, 10%, 9%, and 6%, accordingly, when various concentrations of β-C were used: 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 0 µg/mL. These compounds exhibit favorable interactions of binding with bacterial receptors, especially those of Staphylococcus aureus. They also have a toxicity profile that is fairly safe, which makes them good candidates for more research on antimicrobial and therapeutic uses.
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