Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41872653›Full record

ReviewEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2026

Implications of Genetic Elements on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Management.

Nokwanda N Ngcobo, Ntethelelo H Sibiya

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nokwanda N NgcoboDiscipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-991X
Ntethelelo H SibiyaPharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-8935

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex, multifactorial disease influenced by interactions between environmental exposures and genetic determinants. Increasing evidence highlights the important role of genetic variation in disease susceptibility, progression, and therapeutic response.

aimThis review aims to explore key genetic factors associated with T2DM risk and pathogenesis, as well as pharmacogenomic variants that influence antidiabetic therapy metabolism and clinical response.

resultsSeveral genetic variants have been linked to altered glucose metabolism and increased susceptibility to T2DM. Notable genes include KCNJ11, HNF4A, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/B, PPARγ, KLF14, and IRS, which influence insulin secretion, insulin signalling, and glucose regulation. Genetic polymorphisms vary across populations and may contribute to differences in disease susceptibility. In addition, variations in drug-metabolising enzymes, particularly within the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450), can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications. Some major CYP450 isoforms implicated in the metabolism of antidiabetic medications have been shown to exhibit polymorphisms that can alter plasma drug concentrations, ultimately leading to poor glycaemic control or heightening adverse effects.

conclusionTherefore, understanding these genetic underpinnings is critical for advancing precision medicine approaches in diabetes care, enabling tailored pharmacotherapy and optimising treatment outcomes. By integrating genetic insights into clinical decision-making, this paper highlights the potential of pharmacogenomics not only to identify populations at risk of developing T2DM but also to improve glycaemic control, reduce adverse drug reactions, and enhance patients' quality of life with T2DM.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsPharmacogeneticsPolymorphism, GeneticCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemHypoglycemic AgentsCYP450ethnic disparitiesgeneticsinsulin resistancepersonalised medicinepharmacogenomicspharmacotherapytype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41872653
PMCPMC13093510

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.